Signs of developing asthma

Asthma symptoms can vary over time. A cough may be worse at night or on waking, while wheezing can become noticeable during activity or after exposure to dust, pollen, smoke, fragrances or pets. Chest tightness may feel like pressure or difficulty getting a full breath. Symptoms often come and go, but a cough that continues between episodes also deserves assessment.

These symptoms do not confirm asthma on their own. Allergic rhinitis, a chronic cough, infection and other breathing or heart conditions can feel similar. A clinician may listen to the chest and arrange breathing tests, asking about triggers, allergies, family history and how symptoms affect exercise or sleep.

Book a medical assessment if symptoms recur, disturb sleep, limit activity or follow a clear trigger. Record the time, activity, exposure, duration and any wheeze or breathlessness. Avoid smoke and known irritants, and do not borrow another person's inhaler. If asthma is diagnosed, learn the prescribed inhaler technique and written action plan; some acute episodes may require nebuliser treatment under clinical guidance.

Seek emergency care for severe breathlessness, difficulty speaking in full sentences, blue or grey lips, marked exhaustion, confusion, fainting or rapidly worsening symptoms. Sit upright, follow an existing asthma action plan and use prescribed reliever medicine as directed while help is arranged. Do not drive yourself if breathing is severely impaired.

Ask whether breathing tests are needed, which triggers to avoid, how to use each inhaler, what symptoms indicate an attack, and when to seek emergency care. Ask whether allergies or reflux could be contributing to the cough.