Ringworm hair loss: what to know

Scalp ringworm is a contagious fungal infection involving the scalp and hair shafts. It may produce itchy scaling, round or irregular patches, hairs that snap close to the scalp, and areas that look thinner. Inflammation can make the skin tender or swollen. Hair changes from infection are different from gradual pattern thinning, shedding after illness, or smooth patches linked with alopecia areata. A clinician may examine the scalp and take skin or hair samples when the appearance is unclear.

Arrange a medical assessment rather than treating unexplained scalp hair loss as a cosmetic problem. Infection on the scalp commonly needs medicine taken by mouth because shampoo or cream alone may not reach the infected hair shafts. A medicated shampoo may be added to reduce spread, but use it exactly as directed. Do not share brushes, hats, towels, pillows, or hair tools. Wash fabrics that touch the scalp, clean grooming items, and check household members or pets if a clinician recommends it. Avoid scratching and harsh chemical treatments while the scalp is irritated.

Seek prompt medical care for painful swelling, pus, marked tenderness, fever, or rapidly enlarging areas of broken hair. These signs can indicate a stronger inflammatory response and may place the follicles at risk of scarring. Arrange review if hair changes continue despite treatment, or if another person at home develops scaling or broken hairs. Urgent assessment is appropriate when swelling affects the face or vision, or when you feel acutely unwell.

Ask whether the scalp appearance fits scalp ringworm, whether a sample is needed, which treatment reaches the hair follicles, and how to limit spread at home. Discuss when washing, sports, school, work, and hair appointments can safely resume.