Hay fever symptoms: what to recognise

Hay fever is an allergic response to pollen in the air. It can make the nose itch, swell and produce clear mucus. Eyes may become red, gritty, watery or sensitive to light. Some people develop an itchy palate, post-nasal drip, cough or reduced sense of smell. Symptoms may worsen outdoors or during particular pollen seasons and improve away from the trigger.

Hay fever can present with [Allergic Conjunctivitis](/conditions/allergic-conjunctivitis/) affecting the eyes. It may also coexist with [Asthma](/conditions/asthma/), where pollen exposure can accompany cough, chest tightness or wheeze.

Limit exposure by keeping windows closed during high-pollen periods, wearing wraparound sunglasses outdoors and showering after outdoor activities. Saline rinses may wash allergens from the nose. A pharmacist can advise on antihistamines, steroid nasal sprays or eye drops, including safe use and possible drowsiness.

Notice the timing, triggers and effect on sleep or concentration. If symptoms remain troublesome, a clinician can check the diagnosis and discuss a more tailored plan. Ongoing congestion can sometimes overlap with [Chronic Sinusitis](/conditions/chronic-sinusitis/).

Seek urgent help for severe breathlessness, rapidly worsening wheeze, blue or grey lips, faintness, or swelling of the tongue or throat. Book a medical review when symptoms disrupt sleep, work or exercise, when nasal blockage is persistent, or when treatment causes troublesome effects. Facial pain, thick discharge or a cough that persists deserves assessment rather than being assumed to be allergy.

Which symptoms are most consistent with allergy? Should I use a nasal spray every day during the trigger period? Could asthma or sinus disease be contributing? How can I avoid drowsiness from treatment?