Hay fever solution: practical ways to manage symptoms

Hay fever is an allergic reaction to airborne pollen. The lining of the nose can swell and produce a watery discharge, while the eyes may itch, water or look red. Symptoms often return when the relevant pollen is present, so treatment is about controlling inflammation and limiting contact rather than treating an infection.

A pharmacist or clinician can help match treatment to your symptoms. Options may include a non-drowsy antihistamine, a steroid nasal spray, saline rinsing or allergy eye drops. Some products are unsuitable with certain illnesses, medicines, pregnancy or breastfeeding, so check before starting them.

Keep windows closed when outdoor pollen is high, change clothes after spending time outside and wash your face or hair before bed. Sunglasses can reduce pollen reaching the eyes. Use a nasal spray with the technique shown by a pharmacist; regular use may be needed for the full effect.

If symptoms continue despite careful use, arrange a review. Persistent nasal blockage, cough or wheeze may need assessment for related problems such as [Allergic Rhinitis](/conditions/allergic-rhinitis/) or [Asthma](/conditions/asthma/).

Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, rapidly worsening wheeze, swelling of the lips or tongue, faintness or trouble swallowing. Arrange a routine appointment if symptoms disturb sleep, limit work or exercise, cause frequent nosebleeds, or do not settle with pharmacy treatment. A clinician can also check ongoing cough, facial pain or ear symptoms, which may relate to [Chronic Cough](/conditions/chronic-cough/) or [Sinusitis](/conditions/sinusitis/).

Which treatment fits my main symptoms? How should I use a nasal spray? Could another condition or medicine be contributing? What should I do if wheezing appears during pollen exposure?