Colposcope

A colposcope is a binocular viewing instrument with a light and magnification. It stays outside the body while the clinician views the cervix and vaginal walls through a speculum. The extra detail can help identify areas that need closer inspection after an abnormal screening result or when symptoms require assessment.

During colposcopy, you lie in an examination position while a speculum gently separates the vaginal walls. The clinician views the cervix through the colposcope and may apply solutions that make tissue changes easier to see. If an area looks unusual, a small biopsy may be taken. The instrument itself does not remove tissue.

Magnified viewing cannot confirm the exact nature of a cell change on its own. The clinician may need a biopsy, and a laboratory examines that sample separately. Sometimes the whole transformation zone cannot be seen clearly, or inflammation, bleeding, or discomfort limits the view. Results and follow-up depend on the examination and any sample taken.

Colposcopy is the examination that uses the colposcope; it may include biopsy. If a biopsy shows a treatable cervical cell change, loop excision of the cervix may be discussed. A screening test answers a different question and is used to look for changes before a closer examination is needed.

Being referred for colposcopy does not by itself mean that cancer is present. The appointment is used to inspect the cervix more closely and decide whether tissue sampling or surveillance is appropriate. Ask when the result will be ready, whether a biopsy was taken, and which symptoms should prompt you to contact the clinic sooner.

The speculum and solution may cause pressure, stinging, or brief discomfort; tell the clinician if you need a pause. Mention pregnancy, possible pregnancy, allergies, bleeding, or medicines that affect bleeding before the examination. If a biopsy is taken, follow the clinic's advice about expected spotting and when to seek help for heavy bleeding, fever, or worsening pain.