Severe stuffy nose

Nasal congestion happens when the lining of the nose swells or mucus narrows the airflow. A common cold, sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, or house dust mite allergy may cause it. Night-time blockage and loud snoring can also occur with obstructive sleep apnoea. A blocked nose is a symptom, so it does not identify the cause on its own.

Use a sterile or previously boiled and cooled saline solution for a nasal rinse, following the product instructions and keeping the device clean. Drink regularly, avoid smoke and known allergens, and raise your head slightly during sleep if that helps breathing. A pharmacist can advise about allergy medication or a decongestant, taking account of pregnancy, blood pressure, glaucoma, and other medicines. Do not use a decongestant nasal spray for longer than its label allows, because overuse can worsen congestion.

Arrange an appointment if blockage lasts, repeatedly returns, affects sleep, or comes with facial pressure, reduced smell, thick discharge, or recurrent nosebleeds. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling around an eye, vision changes, a severe headache with fever, confusion, or a rapidly worsening illness. One-sided blockage with bleeding or a persistent foul smell also deserves assessment rather than prolonged self-treatment.

Ask whether allergies, sinus disease, medication, or sleep-related breathing problems fit your pattern; which spray or tablet is safe for you; how to use saline correctly; and when persistent blockage needs an ear, nose, and throat review.