What should you know about pneumonia sickness?

It may develop after a viral illness or be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other germs. Pneumonia can affect one or both lungs and may fill the air sacs with fluid or inflammatory material, making it harder for oxygen to move into the bloodstream.

People with pneumonia may have a cough, fever, chills, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, unusual tiredness, or coughing up phlegm. Some people, particularly older adults, may have confusion, weakness, or a lower-than-usual temperature instead of a high fever.

Symptoms can begin suddenly or build over several days. A chest infection such as influenza or COVID-19 can occur alongside pneumonia or trigger inflammation that leads to it. A clinician may listen to your chest and decide whether you need a chest scan or X-ray, oxygen measurement, or other tests.

Arrange a medical review if you have breathlessness, chest pain, a persistent fever, or a cough that is getting worse, especially after a recent respiratory infection. Treatment depends on the cause and severity; bacterial pneumonia may need prescribed antibiotics, while antibiotics do not treat viral pneumonia.

Rest, drink fluids if you can, avoid smoking, and follow the treatment instructions you receive. Do not use leftover antibiotics or stop a prescribed course without checking with a clinician. Wash your hands and cover coughs to reduce the spread of respiratory germs.

Seek urgent medical help for severe difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, new confusion, fainting, severe chest pain, or an inability to stay awake. Also seek prompt advice if symptoms are worsening, you cannot keep fluids down, or you have a weakened immune system or a serious long-term condition.

A rapidly worsening infection can affect the whole body and may lead to sepsis. If you are unsure how serious your symptoms are, contact a healthcare service promptly rather than waiting for them to settle.

Ask what may be causing the infection, whether you need an examination or imaging, which warning signs should prompt urgent help, and when you should expect your breathing and energy to improve. Tell the clinician about recent illnesses, medicines, allergies, smoking, pregnancy, and any conditions that affect your immune system.