Hepatitis A viral infection explained

The virus is usually acquired when it reaches the mouth through contaminated food, water, hands, or close contact. It multiplies in the liver and can trigger inflammation. Some people have few symptoms, while others develop feeling generally unwell, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, fever, pale stools, dark urine, or yellow skin and eyes. Symptoms can begin after an interval following exposure, so the exposure may not be obvious. A person can spread the virus before realising they are ill.

Contact a clinician if you develop symptoms or have had close contact with someone with Hepatitis A. Rest, drink fluids, and eat small meals if appetite is low. Avoid alcohol and check before taking medicines or supplements because the liver processes many products. Wash hands thoroughly after using the toilet and before preparing food, and avoid preparing food for others while advised to do so. A clinician may arrange blood tests, including a Liver Function Test, to assess the liver and clarify the cause.

Seek prompt medical care for yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, repeated vomiting, increasing abdominal pain, dehydration, or worsening weakness. Emergency help is needed for confusion, unusual sleepiness, fainting, bleeding, or inability to keep fluids down. These signs can indicate significant illness or liver complications. Do not wait for symptoms to become severe if you are pregnant, have liver disease, or have a weakened immune system.

Ask which tests are needed, how to protect household contacts, when you can return to work or prepare food, and whether close contacts need preventive advice. Tell the clinician when symptoms began, where you have travelled, and whether anyone around you has been ill.