Hepatitis A explained in plain language

Hepatitis A affects the liver after the virus enters the body, usually through contaminated food, water or hands. The immune system reacts to infected liver cells, causing inflammation. This can change how bile is handled and lead to yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine or pale stools. Feeling generally unwell, nausea and loss of appetite are also possible.

Symptoms vary: some people feel very ill, while others have few symptoms. Hepatitis A is usually short term and is not the same as chronic hepatitis caused by some other viruses. A person can spread it before knowing they have it, which makes hand hygiene especially useful.

Arrange a medical review if you think you may have hepatitis A or have been exposed. Your clinician may use a Liver Function Test together with a specific blood test and your symptoms. Rest, drink regularly and eat small portions if your stomach is unsettled.

Avoid alcohol and do not start painkillers, supplements or herbal remedies without checking that they are suitable for your liver. Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet and before preparing food. Ask about Hepatitis A Vaccination for future protection or advice after exposure.

Get prompt medical help if you cannot keep fluids down, become confused or unusually sleepy, develop severe abdominal pain, or notice yellowing that is worsening. Contact a clinician early after exposure if you are pregnant, have liver disease or take treatment that affects immunity.

Ask what your blood tests show, how to protect people at home, when food preparation or work restrictions can end, and which medicines are suitable while your liver is inflamed.