What should you know about fractured vertebrae and osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis reduces the strength and internal structure of bone. In the spine, a weakened vertebra can compress, causing sudden or gradually increasing back pain, loss of height or a more rounded posture. Pain may worsen with standing, coughing or movement, although symptoms vary. A Vertebral Compression Fracture is assessed from the history, examination and suitable imaging. One fragility fracture can prompt assessment of bone health elsewhere, including the risk of Hip Fracture or Stress Fracture.

Arrange medical assessment for new back pain after a small strain, especially with known osteoporosis or a previous low-impact fracture. Use safe movement, avoid heavy lifting and ask for guidance before bending or twisting exercises. A Bone Density Scan may help assess bone strength. Treatment can include measures such as Vitamin D Supplementation, Calcium Supplementation or Bisphosphonate Therapy when prescribed; choices depend on health history, medicines and test results. Vitamin D Deficiency may also be assessed.

Seek urgent help for new leg weakness, numbness, loss of balance, or changes in bladder or bowel control with back pain. Prompt assessment is also needed for severe pain after a fall, inability to stand safely, fever, unexplained weight loss or pain that is rapidly worsening. Do not ignore sudden spinal pain simply because the injury seemed minor.

Ask whether the symptoms suggest a compression fracture, which imaging is appropriate, and how to move safely while painful. Ask whether bone-density testing or blood tests are needed, which treatment reduces future fracture risk, and when supervised exercise can begin.