Bone Density Scan

A bone density scan measures mineral density in selected bones to help assess bone strength.

The scan is often called a DEXA scan. It produces measurements commonly taken at the hip and lower spine, where changes in bone density can be especially useful for clinical decisions. Results contribute to an assessment of bone health; they are considered with medical history and fracture history.

You lie still on a padded table while the scanner passes over the body area being measured. The examination is non-invasive: no injection and no needle are usually needed. Clothing with metal fastenings or jewellery near the scan area may need to be removed, and staff will position you carefully for clear images.

DEXA uses a very small amount of radiation. It is designed to measure bone density precisely, but the meaning of a result depends on correct positioning, the site measured and comparison with relevant reference data. Use the same type of scan and facility for follow-up when possible, so changes can be compared consistently.

The clinician discusses the result alongside risk factors, previous fractures, medicines and relevant health conditions. Lower bone density may lead to advice on nutrition, activity and fall prevention, investigation of contributing causes, or discussion of treatment. A result does not on its own predict whether an individual will have a fracture.

Tell the imaging team if you are pregnant or think you could be pregnant, and mention recent imaging that used contrast material. Bring previous scan reports if available. Follow any preparation instructions from the facility, including guidance about calcium supplements on the day of the examination.

A clinician may request a scan after a low-impact fracture, when there are risk factors for reduced bone density, or to monitor known osteoporosis. It can also be relevant after menopause, with premature ovarian insufficiency, or when medicines and health conditions may affect bones. Referral is based on individual history rather than symptoms alone.

On arrival, staff confirm your details and relevant history. You change or remove items that could interfere with the image, lie in the requested position, and remain still while the scanner takes measurements. The radiology service processes the images and sends a report to the clinician who requested the scan.

There is no recovery time for a standard bone density scan, and you can normally resume usual activities immediately. The report may be reviewed at a separate appointment, where you can discuss how the result fits with your personal bone-health plan.

The radiation exposure is low, but pregnancy must be discussed before the scan. A DEXA result does not capture every contributor to fracture risk, such as falls, balance or some medication effects. Tell the clinician if you have had surgery or metal implants near the area being measured.

Assessment may also include a history of fractures and falls, review of medicines, blood tests for contributing conditions, and other imaging when there is pain or a suspected fracture. The DEXA scanner is used when a measured bone-density result would help guide care.

Speak with a general practitioner or the clinician managing your bone health if you have had a fracture after a minor fall, are concerned about osteoporosis, or need to understand a previous result. Bring details of fractures, family history and current medicines to the consultation.