Extremely blocked nose

A cold can inflame the nasal passages and produce thick mucus. Allergic rhinitis or house dust mite allergy often causes congestion with sneezing, itching and watery discharge. Sinusitis may add facial pressure, reduced smell or discoloured mucus; chronic sinusitis lasts longer and can recur. Night-time blockage with loud snoring, pauses in breathing or morning tiredness can be linked with obstructive sleep apnoea. The pattern, duration and side affected help distinguish causes.

Drink fluids, use a saline nasal spray or rinse as directed, and keep away from smoke and known allergens. A humidified room may feel more comfortable. Ask a pharmacist or clinician before using decongestant sprays, particularly if pregnant or if you have high blood pressure; using some sprays for too long can worsen congestion. Allergy medication may help when sneezing and itching point to an allergic trigger.

Seek prompt care for swelling around an eye, severe facial pain, a severe headache, high fever, confusion, vision changes, neck stiffness, or difficulty breathing. Arrange an appointment for persistent blockage, repeated sinus symptoms, frequent nosebleeds, loss of smell, or obstruction mainly on one side. A child who is struggling to breathe, feed or sleep because of congestion needs assessment.

Ask whether the pattern fits allergy, a cold, sinusitis or another nasal problem, and which spray or medicine is appropriate for you. Mention duration, one-sided symptoms, smell changes, snoring, fever, facial pain, allergies, pregnancy and any treatments already tried.