Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis

Both conditions can shed flakes and cause an itchy scalp. Seborrheic dermatitis is more likely to produce redness, greasy or yellowish scale and symptoms around the eyebrows, nose, ears or chest as well as the scalp. Oily skin can support this pattern, but a dry-looking scalp does not exclude it. The appearance and distribution matter more than the label used at home.

Symptoms can wax and wane. Scratching, harsh cleansing and fragranced products may increase irritation. A clinician can examine the scale and consider psoriasis, contact dermatitis or infection when the pattern is unusual.

Cleanse regularly with lukewarm water and avoid scraping scale. Choose products that do not sting, and rinse them fully from the hairline and behind the ears. For ongoing symptoms, a clinician may suggest medicated shampoo treatment; a topical antifungal treatment can be useful in selected cases. Treatment plans may include maintenance use after symptoms settle, so follow the recommended schedule rather than stopping as soon as flakes reduce.

Book an assessment for thick scale, marked redness, tenderness, oozing, crusts, symptoms on the face, or patchy hair loss. Seek review if a product causes burning that does not settle or if symptoms return repeatedly. Urgent care is appropriate for facial swelling, widespread hives or breathing difficulty after treatment.

Ask whether the pattern is dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis, which areas need treatment, and how to use a medicated shampoo safely. Ask what maintenance routine may reduce flares.