Coughing and wheezing: what to know

Wheezing is a high-pitched or musical sound caused by air moving through narrowed airways, often more noticeable when breathing out. A short-lived cough and wheeze may occur with [Acute Bronchitis](/conditions/acute-bronchitis/), while repeated episodes, night symptoms, or exercise-related symptoms may occur with [Asthma](/conditions/asthma/). Smoking-related airway damage can contribute to [COPD](/conditions/copd/). Allergens may trigger symptoms through [Allergic Rhinitis](/conditions/allergic-rhinitis/), and young children can wheeze with [Bronchiolitis](/conditions/bronchiolitis/). Sudden wheeze with swelling, rash, or faintness can be [Anaphylaxis](/conditions/anaphylaxis/).

Move away from smoke, dust, strong scents, or a known trigger and sit upright. Use a prescribed reliever inhaler exactly as directed; do not borrow another person’s inhaler. Keep a record of timing, activity, exposures, fever, phlegm, and response to prescribed treatment. If a clinician has recommended [Nebuliser Treatment](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/nebuliser-treatment/), follow that plan rather than changing the medicine or dose yourself.

Call emergency services for severe breathlessness, inability to speak in full sentences, blue or grey lips, exhaustion, confusion, fainting, chest pain, or rapidly worsening wheeze. Sudden wheeze after eating, taking medicine, or an insect sting with swelling or rash is an emergency. Arrange a medical review for a first episode, persistent cough, recurrent night symptoms, or reduced ability to exercise.

Ask what may be narrowing your airways, whether you need breathing tests, how to use your prescribed inhaler, and which symptoms mean your action plan is no longer enough.