What should you know about bronchiolitis etiology?

A viral infection can begin like a cold, with a runny nose, reduced appetite, or a mild temperature. As the infection moves into the bronchioles, swelling and mucus narrow these tiny passages. This can produce a persistent cough, noisy breathing, or wheezing. Read more about [Bronchiolitis](/conditions/bronchiolitis/), [Cough](/symptoms/cough/), and [Wheezing](/symptoms/wheezing/). Antibiotics do not treat viruses, although a clinician may look for another illness if the pattern is unusual.

Offer small, frequent feeds or drinks if the child is willing, and keep them upright while awake and supervised. Clear nasal mucus gently before feeds and sleep if it is obstructing breathing. Avoid tobacco smoke and avoid giving cough medicines unless a clinician specifically recommends one. Monitor breathing, alertness, and wet nappies rather than focusing only on the cough. A clinician can decide whether an assessment or supervised [Nebuliser Treatment](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/nebuliser-treatment/) is appropriate.

Seek urgent medical help if the child is struggling for each breath, has pauses in breathing, develops blue or grey lips, is unusually difficult to wake, or cannot drink because of breathlessness. Arrange prompt medical advice when feeds are clearly reduced, wet nappies become less frequent, or breathing is getting faster or more laboured. A [Child Health Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/child-health-consultation/) can help assess hydration and breathing.

Ask which signs show that breathing is worsening, how to judge hydration, whether the child needs an examination, and what to do if fever or wheezing continues.