Bacterial sinus infection: what to know

The sinuses are air-filled spaces around the nose that drain through small openings. Swelling can block those openings, allowing mucus to collect and creating pressure in the cheeks, forehead, or around the eyes. A bacterial infection may follow a viral cold, but symptoms of a common cold, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis can overlap. Drainage may run down the throat and trigger a cough. Facial pain that is severe, one-sided, or worsening deserves clinical assessment.

Arrange medical advice when symptoms are persistent, worsening after initial improvement, or interfering with sleep and daily activity. A clinician can assess your nose, face, ears, and general health and decide whether treatment is needed. Rest, drink fluids, and use saline rinsing only with safe prepared water and clean equipment. Avoid smoke and known irritants. Do not take leftover antibiotics, because many sinus infections are not bacterial and treatment choices depend on the assessment.

Seek urgent help for swelling or redness around an eye, vision changes, severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, or marked facial swelling. Prompt assessment is also needed for severe one-sided facial pain, persistent vomiting, or a person who is becoming very unwell. These symptoms can signal spread beyond the sinuses. Emergency care is appropriate for confusion, collapse, or difficulty breathing, whatever the suspected cause.

Could this be sinusitis, a common cold, or allergic rhinitis? Do my symptoms suggest a bacterial cause? What treatment is suitable for nasal blockage and facial pressure? Which eye or neurological symptoms need emergency help?