Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or other growths that develop on or inside an ovary. Many are functional cysts linked with the menstrual cycle and settle without treatment, while others need monitoring or removal.

Many ovarian cysts cause no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include one-sided pelvic pain, pressure, pain during sex, changes in bleeding, urinary frequency, or a swollen feeling. Persistent Bloating, Pelvic Pain and Ovulation Pain can have many causes; their presence does not by itself identify a cyst.

Functional cysts can form when a follicle does not release an egg or when the follicle closes after release. Other cysts are associated with endometriosis, abnormal cell growth or conditions affecting hormone balance. The appearance on imaging helps guide the next step.

A cyst may remain stable, shrink or grow. Sudden severe pain with nausea, vomiting, faintness or marked weakness can signal twisting of the ovary or cyst rupture and needs urgent assessment. Do not wait for a routine appointment with these symptoms.

Risk is influenced by the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, endometriosis, fertility medicines and some hormone-related conditions. A previous cyst can make another one more likely, but it does not predict the type or behaviour of a new cyst.

Assessment may include a symptom and menstrual history, abdominal or pelvic examination and imaging. A Transvaginal Ultrasound can show the cyst’s size, location and whether it is mainly fluid-filled or has solid areas. Repeat imaging or blood tests may be advised when the findings need clarification.

Management depends on symptoms, age, scan appearance and whether the cyst changes. Observation with planned follow-up is common for a simple cyst without concerning features. The Combined Pill may reduce new ovulation-related cysts but does not remove an existing cyst. Persistent, large, painful or complex cysts may be treated with Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy, which removes the cyst while aiming to preserve ovarian tissue when appropriate.

Track pain, bleeding, bloating and cycle timing. Gentle activity may be comfortable, but worsening pain should prompt medical advice. Ask about pregnancy plans before treatment because some choices affect fertility or ovarian tissue.

Complications can include rupture, bleeding, infection or ovarian torsion. Emergency symptoms include sudden intense pelvic pain, repeated vomiting, dizziness, fainting, fever or a rigid, very tender abdomen. Seek urgent care rather than driving yourself if you feel faint.

Most functional cysts cannot be prevented. Treating conditions such as endometriosis and discussing ovulation-suppressing contraception may reduce some recurrences. Regular pelvic symptoms still deserve review because prevention depends on the underlying cause.

A family doctor or gynaecologist can arrange assessment. Specialist review is especially useful for persistent symptoms, complex scan findings, recurrent cysts or fertility concerns. Bring previous scan reports and a record of your cycle.