Transvaginal Ultrasound

A transvaginal ultrasound uses a slim covered probe in the vagina to create detailed images of the uterus, cervix, ovaries and nearby tissues. Sound waves form pictures on a monitor; no radiation is used. It can show the lining of the womb, the position of a pregnancy and features such as fluid-filled ovarian cysts.

You usually lie on your back with your knees bent. The sonographer explains the examination, then gently guides a lubricated probe into the vagina. The probe stays in place while it is moved slightly to obtain different views. You may feel pressure or brief discomfort, but you can ask for the scan to pause or stop. The appointment commonly includes time to discuss why the images are needed and what happens afterwards.

The scan does not expose you to ionising radiation and is generally considered safe, including when pregnancy is being assessed. Image quality depends on the timing of the scan, your anatomy, the equipment and what is being investigated. It can identify features that need attention, but an image alone may not provide a final diagnosis; your clinician may combine it with symptoms, examination and other tests.

An unusual image does not by itself confirm cancer or another serious condition. Your clinician may explain whether the finding looks harmless, needs a repeat scan or calls for another test. Depending on the question, follow-up can include blood tests, pregnancy-hormone monitoring, specialist review or diagnostic hysteroscopy. A scan may help assess an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, womb cancer or ovarian cysts, but each requires its own clinical assessment.

The examination is performed internally, so consent and privacy matter. Tell the service if you have severe pain, a latex allergy, difficulty with internal examinations or concerns about pregnancy. Ask when and how results will be shared, because the sonographer may not be able to interpret every finding during the appointment.

A clinician may suggest it for pelvic pain, unusual bleeding, fertility assessment, early pregnancy concerns or to investigate a finding from another examination. It can also monitor a known condition or guide a treatment decision. The reason for referral determines what the team focuses on and whether another scan is useful later.

Before the scan, follow the service’s bladder instructions and remove clothing as directed. During the scan, a protective cover is placed over the probe, gel is applied and images are recorded from several angles. Afterward, the cover is removed and you can normally dress and leave. The report is sent to the clinician who requested the examination.

Most people return to normal activities immediately. Mild pressure, tenderness or a small amount of spotting can occur after an internal examination. Contact your healthcare service if pain is severe, persistent or accompanied by heavy bleeding, fever or feeling faint.

Possible problems include discomfort, embarrassment, irritation or spotting. Infection from the procedure is uncommon when equipment and protective covers are handled correctly. The scan can miss or be unable to characterise a finding, so further assessment may still be needed.

Depending on the clinical question, alternatives may include an abdominal ultrasound, MRI, blood tests or diagnostic hysteroscopy. These options answer different questions; an abdominal scan views through the lower abdomen, while hysteroscopy allows the inside of the womb to be inspected directly.

Choose a service that explains the examination, protects your privacy and provides a clear route for receiving results. Before booking, ask whether the scan is appropriate for your symptoms, whether you need preparation and who will discuss any follow-up.