Why does rotavirus infection cause diarrhoea?

The virus infects cells that help the small intestine take up water and nutrients. While those cells are affected, fluid remains in the bowel and stools become loose or watery. The bowel may also move contents along faster, leaving less time for absorption. Diarrhoea is a very common presentation of Rotavirus Infection, but diarrhoea has many possible causes.

Cramping, reduced appetite, fever, or vomiting can occur alongside it. The main concern is fluid loss, especially in babies, young children, older adults, and anyone who cannot drink enough.

Offer frequent small sips of fluid; an oral rehydration solution can replace water and salts lost in stools. Continue breast or formula feeds for infants unless a clinician advises otherwise. When appetite returns, simple familiar foods are reasonable. Wash hands carefully after toilet visits, nappy changes, and before preparing food to reduce spread.

Seek urgent medical advice for signs of dehydration, such as very little urine, a dry mouth, no tears when crying, unusual sleepiness, dizziness, or difficulty keeping fluids down. Get prompt assessment for blood in the stool, severe or persistent abdominal pain, a child who is hard to wake, or symptoms that are worsening rather than settling.

Ask whether the symptoms suggest dehydration, which rehydration drink is suitable for the person's age, and whether any medicines should be avoided. If symptoms recur or a household member is vulnerable, ask what testing or infection-control steps are appropriate.