Why does leukaemia cause easy bruising?

Bone marrow normally makes platelets, the small blood components that help form an early plug when a blood vessel is damaged. In leukaemia, abnormal blood cells can take up space in the marrow and disrupt normal blood-cell production. With too few platelets, small knocks may leave larger or more frequent bruises, and tiny bleeding under the skin can appear as pinpoint red or purple spots.

Easy Bruising is a very common presentation of Leukaemia. Bruising is also often caused by ordinary injury, ageing skin, blood-thinning medicines, liver problems or platelet disorders, and needs assessment in context.

Arrange a prompt medical appointment for new unexplained bruising, especially if it is widespread or comes with bleeding. Bring a list of medicines, including aspirin, anti-inflammatory medicines, anticoagulants and supplements, because these can affect bleeding. Until assessed, avoid contact activities that could cause injury and do not stop prescribed medicines unless the clinician who prescribed them advises it.

Seek urgent care for bleeding that will not stop with firm pressure, blood in vomit, urine or stools, black stools, a severe headache after a head injury, fainting, severe weakness or shortness of breath. Rapidly spreading purple spots, heavy menstrual bleeding, or bruising with fever and feeling very unwell also requires prompt medical evaluation.

Ask whether a full blood count and platelet measurement are needed and when results will be reviewed. Describe where bruises appear, whether they follow minor knocks, and any nosebleeds, gum bleeding, tiredness, infections or fevers. Ask which medicines or activities need temporary adjustment while the cause is being investigated.