Why does genital herpes cause vulval pain?

Genital herpes may cause clusters of small blisters that break into shallow sores. The affected skin can sting, burn, itch, or feel tender when touched. Urine passing over an open sore may intensify the discomfort. Swelling and irritation around the vaginal opening can make walking, sitting, or sexual contact uncomfortable. Pain may begin with tingling or sensitivity before visible sores appear, and symptoms can settle as the skin heals. Vulval pain has several possible causes, so its presence alone does not identify genital herpes.

Arrange a clinical assessment if sores, blisters, or new vulval pain have appeared, especially when this is the first episode. Keep the area gently clean and dry, wear loose cotton underwear, and avoid sex while sores or pain are present. Do not pick at sores or apply household products that may irritate the skin. A clinician can discuss antiviral treatment and suitable pain relief; treatment is most useful when started promptly. If urination stings, ask about practical measures that can reduce contact between urine and sore skin.

Seek prompt medical advice for severe pain, difficulty passing urine, rapidly increasing swelling, fever, feeling very unwell, or sores near the eyes. Contact a clinician if symptoms are worsening, do not start to improve, or keep returning. Assessment is also sensible during pregnancy or when you have a weakened immune system, because the care plan may need to be tailored.

Could these sores or symptoms be genital herpes or another condition? Should I have a swab or other examination? What pain relief and antiviral options are appropriate for me? When is it safe to resume sexual contact, and how can I reduce transmission risk?