Why does endometriosis cause painful periods?

Painful Periods is a very common presentation of Endometriosis. Endometriosis-like tissue may sit around the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, bowel, or the lining of the pelvis. It responds to the same cycle-related hormones as the uterine lining. Swelling, local bleeding, and inflammation can irritate nerves and make the uterus and surrounding muscles contract more painfully. Repeated inflammation may also lead to scar tissue, which can pull on organs and add pain beyond the first day of bleeding.

Pain may begin before bleeding, peak during the period, or continue afterwards. Some people also feel pain with bowel movements, urination, or sex. The intensity of pain does not reliably show how much endometriosis is present.

Track when pain starts, where it occurs, how long it lasts, and whether bleeding, bowel symptoms, or bladder symptoms occur with it. A clinician may discuss heat, anti-inflammatory pain medicine when suitable for you, hormonal treatment, or further assessment. Treatment choice depends on your symptoms, pregnancy plans, other conditions, and medicines. Do not start or stop prescription treatment without advice.

Arrange a medical assessment if period pain keeps you from work, study, sleep, movement, or usual activities, or if it is worsening or not helped by measures you have tried. Seek prompt care for sudden severe pelvic pain, fainting, fever, repeated vomiting, or very heavy bleeding.

Ask what may be causing your pain, whether an examination or imaging could help, which treatments fit your pregnancy plans, and how to review the plan if symptoms continue.