Why does a common cold cause a cough?

Cold viruses inflame the lining of the nose and throat. Mucus may run down the back of the throat, particularly when you lie down, and this can repeatedly stimulate coughing. Irritation in the larger breathing tubes can also leave them more sensitive to cold air, talking, laughter, or a deep breath. Cough is a very common presentation of Common Cold, but cough also has many other possible causes.

A dry, tickly cough can come from throat irritation. A cough that brings up mucus can reflect drainage from the nose or mucus in the airways. The character of a cough may change as other cold symptoms settle.

Rest, take regular fluids, and use warm drinks if they are soothing. Saline nasal spray or rinsing can help clear nasal mucus; follow the product directions and use clean water as instructed. Avoid smoke, vaping, strong fragrances, and dusty air, which can make an already sensitive throat feel worse.

A pharmacist can help you choose an age-appropriate option for troublesome symptoms and check whether it fits with your medicines or health conditions. Honey may soothe a cough for people old enough to have it, but it should not be given to infants.

Seek urgent care for difficulty breathing, blue or grey lips, chest pain, confusion, coughing up blood, or swelling of the face or throat. Arrange medical assessment if the cough is worsening, is not improving as the cold settles, returns repeatedly, or occurs with wheeze, dehydration, or a fever that concerns you. Young children, older adults, pregnant people, and people with lung disease or reduced immunity may need earlier advice.

Ask whether your cough sounds more consistent with post-nasal drainage, airway irritation, asthma, or another cause. Bring a list of medicines and mention any wheeze, breathlessness, reflux symptoms, or exposure to smoke. If you are considering a cough product, ask which ingredients you should avoid.