Why does acute myeloid leukaemia cause easy bruising?

Platelets are blood components that gather at a damaged blood vessel and help form an early plug. In acute myeloid leukaemia, abnormal immature cells can crowd the bone marrow, leaving less room for normal blood-cell production. When platelet levels are low, a minor bump or pressure on the skin can leave a larger or more noticeable bruise. Easy Bruising is a very common presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, but bruising also has many causes, including medicines, injuries and other blood conditions.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for unexplained, repeated or worsening bruises. Bring a list of medicines, supplements and any recent illnesses, and mention nosebleeds, bleeding gums, heavy menstrual bleeding, fever, tiredness or breathlessness. A clinician may examine you and arrange blood tests, including a platelet count, to look for the reason. Avoid starting or stopping prescribed medicine without advice; ask whether pain medicines or supplements could affect bleeding.

Seek urgent medical care for bleeding that does not stop with firm pressure, blood in vomit, urine or stool, a sudden severe headache, fainting, confusion, or bruising after a head injury. Contact a clinician urgently if widespread tiny red or purple spots appear, or if bruising is accompanied by fever or feeling acutely unwell. These features need assessment because they can signal bleeding or infection that requires timely treatment.

Ask what your platelet count shows, whether any other blood cells are affected, and which symptoms should prompt urgent contact. You can also ask how to reduce injury while tests or treatment are being arranged.