Why does acne cause whiteheads?

Whiteheads are closed comedones. Acne can increase sebum and affect the way cells shed inside a follicle. When the mixture collects under a thin covering of skin, it looks like a small pale or flesh-coloured bump rather than an exposed dark plug. Whiteheads is a very common presentation of Acne, but the appearance alone cannot establish the cause of every small bump.

A closed comedone can become inflamed if the follicle wall is irritated or the blockage persists. Pressing it may injure the surrounding skin and leave redness or a mark.

Wash with a gentle cleanser and use a non-comedogenic moisturiser. A clinician may recommend a topical retinoid or another treatment that helps prevent pore blockage. Apply a thin layer as directed and allow your skin to adjust. Avoid picking, abrasive scrubs and layering several irritating products at once.

Consult a dermatologist if whiteheads keep returning, spread across the face or body, become inflamed, or leave marks. Assessment is useful when bumps are itchy, uniform, or do not respond to acne care, since follicle irritation and other conditions can look similar.

Are these closed comedones or another type of bump? Which treatment can clear them while limiting irritation? How should I manage dryness, sensitivity or dark marks during treatment?