Why do elbows and knees get dark?

The skin over these joints is repeatedly folded, stretched, leaned on, and rubbed by clothing or flooring. When it becomes dry, the surface may look ashy or rough. Repeated irritation can stimulate extra pigment, and a healed rash, scratch, or injury may leave post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Knees may also darken from kneeling, while elbows may change from desk or armrest pressure. If the skin is thick, velvety, intensely itchy, inflamed, or changing elsewhere, the pattern may need a medical examination.

Use a gentle cleanser and apply a rich, fragrance-free moisturiser to damp skin. Cushion areas that receive pressure and choose clothing that does not rub. Avoid lemon, rough pumice stones, and frequent bleaching products because irritation can deepen the colour. Once the cause is clear, a dermatologist may discuss topical retinoids or a chemical peel; these options require careful selection and aftercare, especially for deeper skin tones.

Seek medical advice if darkening develops quickly, becomes raised or painful, cracks repeatedly, bleeds, or comes with persistent itch or scale. Arrange review for colour change that extends beyond the joints or does not improve after gentle care. Urgent help is needed for severe swelling, blistering, or a rapidly painful reaction to a product.

What is causing the change in both joints? Is there inflammation or thickening that needs treatment first? Which moisturiser and pigment treatment suit me? What signs would mean I should stop treatment?