Ways to prevent type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes less responsive to insulin and the pancreas cannot keep blood glucose within a healthy range. Risk is influenced by family history, age, body weight, activity, sleep and previous high glucose during pregnancy. Prediabetes means glucose is above the usual range without meeting the definition of diabetes; it is a useful opportunity to review habits and arrange follow-up.

Make vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts and other high-fibre foods regular parts of meals, while reducing sugary drinks and heavily processed snacks. Build activity into the week through walking, strength work or another activity you can sustain. Break up long sitting periods, protect sleep, and stop smoking if you use tobacco. If you have prediabetes or obesity, ask about a structured plan and monitoring rather than trying a severe diet.

Ask for a glucose assessment if you have risk factors, symptoms such as unusual thirst and frequent urination, or a history of prediabetes. Seek urgent help for confusion, collapse, severe dehydration or rapidly worsening illness. A clinician can also review blood pressure, cholesterol, medicines and related risks, including Chronic Kidney Disease or Peripheral Neuropathy.

Should I be tested for prediabetes? Which activity and eating changes fit my health? How often should glucose be reviewed, and could any medicine affect it?