Very bad headache: what to know

Headache can arise from infection, dehydration, heat, sinus inflammation, migraine, muscle tension or anxiety. Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Sinusitis may create facial pressure, while a Common Cold or COVID-19 may bring headache with respiratory symptoms. Dengue Fever can cause severe headache with fever and body aches, particularly after mosquito exposure. The intensity alone cannot identify the cause; its onset, location, associated symptoms and pattern matter.

Rest in a quiet, shaded room, drink fluids if you can, and reduce bright light and screens. Record when the pain began, whether it reached peak intensity suddenly, where it hurts, and any fever, vomiting, rash, weakness or vision change. Take only pain medicine that is suitable for you and follow its label or a clinician's instructions; avoid combining products with the same ingredient. Arrange medical advice if the pain is new, severe, recurring or not settling.

Seek emergency care for a sudden explosive headache, confusion, seizure, fainting, weakness or numbness on one side, trouble speaking, new vision loss, stiff neck with fever, repeated vomiting or a headache after a head injury. Get prompt assessment for severe headache with high fever, dehydration, heat exposure or a spreading rash. Do not drive if your vision, balance or alertness is affected.

What pattern does this headache suggest? Do I need examination or testing? Which medicines are safe for me, and what symptoms should prompt emergency care? Could fluids, sleep, sinus symptoms or a recent infection be contributing?