Varicella precautions: how to reduce spread and protect others

Varicella is the virus that causes chickenpox. It can spread through close contact and respiratory droplets, and fluid from blisters can also carry infection. Someone with chickenpox should stay away from people who are pregnant, immunocompromised, or very young until a clinician confirms it is appropriate to mix again. Do not share towels, clothing, bedding, or utensils. Keep fingernails short and avoid scratching, which can break the skin and invite bacterial infection.

Use a separate room when possible and improve airflow without exposing others. Wash hands after touching the rash, dress blisters with loose clothing, and clean frequently touched surfaces. Contact a GP before attending a waiting room if chickenpox is possible, so the visit can be arranged safely. A clinician may discuss vaccination after an exposure or treatment for people at higher risk. More background is available on [Chickenpox](/conditions/chickenpox/) and [Chickenpox Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/chickenpox-vaccination/).

Seek prompt medical advice for breathing difficulty, confusion, severe headache, repeated vomiting, dehydration, or a rash that becomes hot, very painful, or rapidly red. Contact a clinician early if the person is pregnant, has a weakened immune system, is a newborn, or has a serious long-term illness. Fever that persists or worsens, or blisters near the eyes, also deserve assessment. See [Fever](/symptoms/fever/) and [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) for related guidance.

Ask whether the illness is chickenpox or another blistering rash, how long isolation should last, and whether anyone exposed needs preventive care. Ask which medicines are suitable for age, pregnancy, and existing conditions, and whether an antiviral treatment assessment is appropriate.