What should you know about untreated hypertension?

Hypertension means blood pressure remains higher than the range considered healthy. It often causes no noticeable symptoms, so feeling well does not show that pressure is controlled. Repeated high readings can damage the lining of blood vessels and place extra workload on the heart. Over time, this can contribute to stroke, transient ischaemic attack, angina, heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea can affect blood pressure, but the cause and treatment plan differ from person to person.

Arrange a clinical review if readings are repeatedly high or you have stopped prescribed treatment. Your clinician may confirm readings with repeated checks, review medicines and other conditions, and assess the heart, kidneys and blood vessels. Take prescribed medicine as directed and do not double a dose after forgetting one unless advised. Limiting salt, being active within your abilities, avoiding tobacco and moderating alcohol can support treatment. Home readings are useful when taken with a validated monitor and recorded with the time and medicine details.

Call emergency services for sudden weakness or numbness on one side, facial drooping, trouble speaking, severe chest pain, severe breathlessness, collapse or a sudden severe headache. These symptoms may signal stroke, heart trouble or another emergency, regardless of the reading on a home monitor. Seek prompt medical advice for repeated high readings with headache, vision changes, confusion or new swelling, especially if you are pregnant or have kidney disease.

Ask: Do I need repeated or home measurements? What target is appropriate for me? How should I take missed doses? Could another condition or medicine be affecting my pressure? Which lifestyle changes are safest with my health history? When should my kidneys, heart and eyes be checked?