What should you know about untreated anaphylaxis?

Untreated anaphylaxis is a medical emergency because swelling and circulation changes can rapidly threaten breathing and vital organs. It may begin with hives, flushing, swelling, throat tightness, wheezing, vomiting, dizziness or collapse after exposure to an allergen. Skin symptoms are not required, so a person can have a dangerous reaction without a rash.

During anaphylaxis, the immune system releases substances that can widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure and narrow the airways. Swelling of the lips, tongue or throat can obstruct airflow, while vomiting or abdominal cramps may accompany the reaction. Food Allergy, medicines, insect stings and other exposures can trigger it. The reaction cannot be safely judged by watching and waiting.

Call emergency services immediately and say that anaphylaxis is suspected. If the person has a prescribed adrenaline auto-injector, use it according to its instructions without delaying the call. Lay them down with legs raised when possible; allow someone who is struggling to breathe to sit with support, and place an unconscious breathing person on their side. Do not give food or drink, and do not leave them alone. Further Anaphylaxis Emergency Treatment is needed even if symptoms improve.

Seek emergency care for sudden breathing difficulty, Wheezing, throat or tongue swelling, faintness, confusion, blue or pale skin, or symptoms affecting more than one body system after a possible allergen. Symptoms can worsen quickly or return after initial improvement. After recovery, arrange Allergy Testing and an individual emergency plan with a clinician.

What may have triggered the reaction, and how should I avoid it? Should I carry adrenaline and receive training on its use? What should family, colleagues or carers do if symptoms recur?