What should you know about a TENS machine for headache?

TENS delivers mild electrical pulses through electrodes placed on the skin. It is mainly used for pain, and a clinician may discuss it as one option for selected headache patterns. Relief while using a device does not identify the cause of a headache or rule out a condition needing treatment.

Headache can accompany allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, a common cold, or COVID-19. Dehydration, heat exhaustion, dengue fever, and generalised anxiety disorder may also be associated with headache in particular circumstances. The accompanying symptoms and the timing matter more than the device response.

Have a clinician help identify your headache pattern before trying TENS. Follow the device instructions, use intact skin, and keep electrodes away from the eyes, front of the neck, and head unless a qualified professional has specifically advised otherwise. Do not use it while driving, sleeping, bathing, or operating machinery. Ask before use if you have a pacemaker, implanted electrical device, reduced sensation, seizures, or irritated skin. Keep a headache diary with triggers, symptoms, duration, and medicines used.

Get emergency help for a sudden explosive headache, new weakness, numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, fainting, seizure, severe vision change, stiff neck with fever, or a headache after head injury. Seek prompt assessment for headache with persistent vomiting, high fever, a new rash, severe dehydration, or a pattern that is steadily worsening. A device should never be used to mask these warning signs.

What type of headache might I have, and what warning signs should I watch for? Is TENS appropriate for my pain and where can electrodes safely go? Which non-device measures or medicines fit my health history?