What should you know about skincare for pigmentation?

Pigmentation is a change in skin colour caused by increased or uneven melanin. It may follow acne, irritation, injury, hormonal change or sun exposure. Dark patches can have several explanations, so note when they began, whether they are changing, and whether they itch, scale or bleed. See our guide to Dark Patches On Skin for symptom context.

Use a mild cleanser, moisturiser and broad-spectrum sunscreen each morning; reapply when outdoors and use shade or protective clothing. Avoid scrubbing, picking and unplanned combinations of strong acids or bleaching products, because irritation can deepen colour. A clinician may discuss Hydroquinone Treatment, Skin Brightening Treatment, Chemical Peel, IPL Photofacial or Picosecond Laser Treatment after examining your skin. Introduce one active product at a time and stop it if burning, swelling or a spreading rash develops.

Arrange a dermatology review for a new, rapidly changing, irregular or single dark mark, or for pigmentation that bleeds, crusts, becomes painful or does not settle. Seek prompt care for facial swelling, blistering or a severe reaction after a product. Assessment is also useful when pigmentation returns repeatedly or affects your confidence despite a careful routine.

What is the likely cause and depth of this pigmentation? Which ingredients fit my skin type? Should I treat active acne or irritation first? Would a procedure increase the chance of further darkening?