Blackheads: what they are and how to treat them

A blackhead, also called an open comedone, forms when material collects in a hair follicle and remains open at the surface. The dark colour comes from a reaction with air, not from dirt. They commonly appear on the nose, forehead, chin, chest, or back. Blackheads can occur alone or as part of acne, including comedonal acne. Large-looking dots on the nose can sometimes be normal sebaceous filaments rather than blackheads.

Cleanse gently, avoid abrasive scrubs, and choose products labelled non-comedogenic when possible. A topical retinoid can help keep follicles from becoming blocked, but it may cause dryness or irritation at first and needs consistent use as directed. Do not squeeze with fingernails, since pressure can inflame the follicle and leave marks. Professional extraction may be considered for stubborn plugs. A dermatologist can tailor treatment if blackheads are widespread, persistent, or accompanied by inflamed spots.

Arrange an assessment if the bumps are painful, deeply inflamed, leaving scars, or not responding to a careful routine. Seek advice before using prescription-strength products if you are pregnant, trying to conceive, breastfeeding, or taking medicines that affect the skin. Sudden widespread changes, crusting, or a lesion unlike your other spots deserves examination rather than home extraction.

Ask whether the spots are blackheads or sebaceous filaments, which active ingredient suits your skin, how to introduce it gradually, and whether professional extraction or another acne treatment is appropriate.