What causes a scratchy throat and cough?

A common cold or acute bronchitis can irritate the throat and airways, while allergic rhinitis may cause drainage that triggers coughing. Acid reflux can irritate the throat, especially after meals or when lying down. Asthma may cause cough with wheezing or chest tightness. Bronchiectasis can produce a long-lasting cough with phlegm. In young children, bronchiolitis can affect breathing. A cough that continues after an illness may be chronic cough and deserves a clinical review.

The symptom combination does not identify one condition by itself. A clinician uses the timing, triggers, fever, mucus, breathing symptoms, medicines, smoking or vaping exposure, and examination findings to narrow the cause.

Drink fluids, rest your voice, and avoid smoke, strong fragrances, and dusty air. Warm drinks may soothe an irritated throat. Use a clean humidifier if dry air worsens symptoms, and follow label directions for any over-the-counter medicine. Do not give honey to an infant, and ask a pharmacist before using cough or cold products for a child. Arrange a review if the cough is not settling, keeps returning, or interferes with sleep or activity.

Seek urgent help for severe breathlessness, blue or grey lips, chest pain, confusion, coughing blood, or inability to swallow fluids. Prompt assessment is also needed for noisy breathing, dehydration, a high or persistent fever, or a cough that is worsening rather than easing. Children, older adults, and people with asthma or other lung disease may need earlier advice.

Ask what pattern your symptoms suggest, whether your lungs or throat need examination, and which treatments are suitable for your age and health. Note when the cough began, whether it is dry or produces phlegm, and what makes it better or worse.