Scalp ringworm in adults: what to know

Also called tinea capitis, this infection involves the scalp and hair rather than the smooth skin of the body. The fungus can weaken hairs near the scalp, producing rough areas, black dots from broken hairs, or clearly outlined patches with flakes. Some people develop tenderness, crusting, or a swollen, boggy area called a kerion. These findings can resemble other causes of [Bald Patches](/symptoms/bald-patches/) or [Hair Loss](/symptoms/hair-loss/), so appearance alone cannot confirm the diagnosis.

Scalp ringworm can spread through close contact or shared items such as combs, hats, pillows, and towels. Adults can also acquire it from an infected child or pet. A clinician may examine the scalp and hairs and may collect scale or hair material for testing before choosing treatment.

Arrange a medical review when you notice a new scaly patch, broken hairs, or expanding hair loss. Treatment commonly includes an antifungal medicine taken by mouth because infection within the hair shaft is difficult to reach with shampoo alone. A clinician may also recommend [Oral Antifungal Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/oral-antifungal-therapy/) and an antifungal wash to reduce surface spores; [Medicated Shampoo Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/medicated-shampoo-therapy/) is usually an added measure, not a substitute for prescribed medicine.

Do not share hair tools, headwear, towels, or bedding while the infection is being assessed. Wash or replace items that touch the scalp as advised, and ask about checking household members or pets if exposure is possible. Use medicines for the full prescribed course, even if flaking improves earlier.

Seek prompt care for a painful, swollen, soft scalp area, pus, marked crusting, fever, or rapidly enlarging patches. These features can signal a stronger inflammatory response and may increase the risk of lasting follicle damage. Arrange review sooner if hair loss is spreading, the scalp is very tender, or symptoms continue despite treatment. Emergency help is appropriate for facial swelling, breathing difficulty, or a severe medicine reaction.

Ask whether the scalp changes fit tinea capitis or another condition, whether a sample is needed, which oral antifungal is suitable, and how to use an accompanying shampoo. Ask when you can safely share personal items again, whether close contacts or pets need assessment, and what signs would suggest inflammation or treatment side effects.