Red and flaky scalp: what to know

Fine flakes with mild redness may fit [Dandruff](/conditions/dandruff/), while greasy scale can occur with [Seborrheic Dermatitis](/conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/). Well-defined thicker plaques may suggest [Scalp Psoriasis](/conditions/scalp-psoriasis/). Broken hairs, tender areas, or bald patches can occur with [Scalp Ringworm](/conditions/scalp-ringworm/), which needs medical treatment. Itching, soreness, and the presence of scale around the hairline help a clinician separate these patterns.

Wash regularly with a gentle shampoo and avoid picking at adherent scale. Keep styling products away from irritated skin and rinse thoroughly. A clinician or pharmacist may recommend [Medicated Shampoo Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/medicated-shampoo-therapy/) when dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis is suspected; follow the product directions and allow the shampoo to remain on the scalp for the advised contact time. Do not share combs, brushes, hats, or towels while a fungal infection is being considered.

Book a dermatology review if redness persists, scale becomes painful or thick, the rash spreads beyond the hairline, or flakes return despite appropriate care. Seek prompt attention for pus, fever, marked swelling, or smooth or broken-hair bald patches. These changes can signal infection or inflammation that needs prescription treatment.

Does the scale look oily, dry, or plaque-like? Could this be fungal? Which shampoo is appropriate, how often should I use it, and what signs would mean I need a prescription?