What should you know about S3 heart failure?

S3, sometimes called a ventricular gallop, is heard between the usual heart sounds during an examination. It may happen when blood enters a ventricle that is already under pressure or less able to handle filling. An S3 can be associated with heart failure, but the sound alone does not establish a diagnosis. A clinician considers your breathing, swelling, pulse, blood pressure, medical history and other examination findings.

Heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the lungs or lower legs. People may notice breathlessness, tiredness, a cough, swollen ankles or awareness of a fast or irregular heartbeat. These symptoms can have other causes, so assessment is needed.

Arrange a medical assessment if an S3 has been heard or if you have new symptoms such as breathlessness, reduced stamina or leg swelling. The clinician may review medicines and conditions such as hypertension or atrial fibrillation, and may arrange blood tests, an electrocardiogram or an echocardiogram. Take prescribed medicines as directed and do not change doses without advice. Keep a note of symptoms, their timing and whether they worsen when lying down or after activity.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, chest pressure, fainting, new confusion, blue or grey lips, or an inability to speak in full sentences. Sudden symptoms with a very fast or irregular heartbeat also need prompt assessment. Do not drive yourself if you feel faint or severely short of breath.

Ask what the S3 sound may indicate in your examination, which tests are appropriate, whether your medicines or blood pressure need review, and which changes in breathing, weight or swelling should prompt a call.