What should you know about rotavirus and gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis means inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Rotavirus is one possible cause. Most affected people develop diarrhoea and vomiting, and may also have fever, abdominal pain, nausea, or loss of appetite. The infection spreads when tiny amounts of stool or vomit reach hands, objects, food, or surfaces and then enter another person's mouth. The main clinical concern is loss of water and salts, especially when vomiting prevents drinking. Symptoms alone cannot confirm the virus; a clinician decides whether testing or another explanation needs consideration.

Give frequent small sips of an oral rehydration solution and continue suitable feeds as tolerated. Breastfeeding can continue. Avoid preparing food for others while unwell, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after toileting or changing nappies, and clean contaminated surfaces. Keep a note of drinking, urination, vomiting, stool changes, and alertness. This information helps a clinician judge hydration. Do not share towels, cups, or eating utensils during the illness.

Seek urgent care for severe dehydration signs such as unusual drowsiness, confusion, no tears, a very dry mouth, very little urine, or inability to keep fluids down. Get prompt advice for blood in stool, severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, concerning fever, breathing difficulty, or a baby or frail adult who is deteriorating. The risk is driven by fluid loss and the person's condition, not by the label rotavirus alone.

Ask how much oral rehydration fluid to offer, when normal food and drinks can resume, and which signs mean the person needs examination. Ask what cleaning and return-to-school or work advice applies in your household.