What should you know about prostate biopsy?

A urology team takes samples from areas of the prostate identified through examination, blood-test results or imaging. An MRI scan may help the team target a suspicious area, while other samples can provide a broader assessment. Local anaesthetic is commonly used, and the approach may be through the skin between the scrotum and anus or through the rectum, depending on the clinical plan.

A pathologist examines the tissue. The report may say whether cancer is present and describe grade or other features that help estimate how the cells behave. A biopsy result is interpreted alongside examination, imaging and other clinical information.

Before the appointment, tell the team about blood-thinning medicines, allergies, previous infections, urinary problems and any antibiotics you take. Follow the instructions about medicines, eating, drinking and bowel preparation. Do not change prescribed medicines unless the treating team tells you to.

Afterward, mild soreness and small amounts of blood in urine, semen or stool can occur. Drink according to the instructions you receive and avoid strenuous activity for the advised period. Results may take several days or longer because the samples need laboratory processing. If cancer is found, additional imaging or genomic tumour profiling may be discussed before treatment decisions.

Contact your medical team promptly for fever, chills, feeling suddenly unwell, worsening pain, inability to pass urine, or bleeding that is heavy or does not settle. Infection after a prostate biopsy can become serious, so do not wait for the result if these symptoms develop.

Ask which biopsy approach is planned and why, whether antibiotics are needed, how to manage your regular medicines, when activity can resume, when results should arrive, and who will explain the pathology report. You can also ask what further tests would be considered if the result is unclear or shows cancer.