What should you know about primary melanoma?

Primary melanoma is a skin cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells and needs prompt specialist assessment and staging. It may appear in an existing mole or as a new, changing dark or unusual lesion.

A suspicious lesion can show change in size, shape, colour or surface, though melanoma does not look identical in every person. Only examination and tissue assessment can establish the diagnosis. The depth and other features found at diagnosis guide the next plan; an untreated primary lesion can extend locally or spread to distant sites, including Brain Metastases.

Arrange a prompt dermatology appointment for a new or changing lesion. The clinician may photograph or examine it with magnification and recommend a biopsy or Surgical Excision. If melanoma is confirmed, Skin Cancer Surgery or Tumour Removal Surgery may be discussed, with a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy considered in selected cases. Do not delay assessment while trying home treatments.

Seek prompt medical review for a lesion that changes, bleeds, crusts, itches persistently or becomes an open sore. Contact the treating team quickly after a diagnosis if new lumps, unexplained persistent symptoms or concerns about the wound develop. New neurological symptoms such as severe headache, weakness, confusion or seizures require urgent emergency assessment.

Ask what the biopsy shows, whether margins are clear, whether further staging is needed, and which treatment sequence is proposed. Discuss wound care, lymph-node assessment, Follow-Up After Cancer Treatment, and whether Immunotherapy has a role for your situation.