What to know after knee replacement

Swelling, bruising, stiffness, and discomfort are common after surgery. Bending the knee may be difficult at first, and muscles around the thigh can feel weak. The replacement uses components that may include metal alloys, polyethylene, and sometimes bone cement; your surgeon can explain the materials selected for you.

The operation is often performed for severe joint damage such as [Knee Osteoarthritis](/conditions/knee-osteoarthritis/). Recovery is measured by improving walking, strength, confidence, and daily function rather than by one early feeling. [Knee Pain](/symptoms/knee-pain/) and [Difficulty Climbing Stairs](/symptoms/difficulty-climbing-stairs/) should be discussed if they are not gradually improving.

Complete the exercises taught by your physiotherapist, use ice or elevation only as advised, and practise safe transfers and walking. Use your prescribed aid until your gait is steady. Keep the incision clean and dry according to the discharge plan, and take medicines exactly as directed.

Increase activity in small stages, balancing exercise with rest. Avoid falls by clearing obstacles, wearing supportive footwear, and using handrails. Ask whether [Computer Navigation for Surgery](/technology/computer-navigation-surgery/) was used and how that affects your follow-up; it does not replace rehabilitation.

Contact your care team for increasing redness, drainage, wound opening, fever, calf pain, or swelling that is suddenly worse. Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, a cold or pale foot, or sudden inability to move the leg.

Ask how far to walk, which exercises are expected, when driving or work may resume, and how to manage swelling. Clarify the warning signs for infection or a clot, when stitches or staples will be reviewed, and what progress your team wants to see.