Pimples, blackheads and cysts: what to know

A blackhead is an open comedone: oil and dead skin block a pore, and the surface darkens when exposed to air. A pimple is inflamed, often red and tender, and may contain pus. A cyst forms deeper in the skin and can feel painful, firm or soft; it may leave a mark or scar even when it settles. Several lesion types can occur together in acne.

Squeezing can push inflammation deeper and spread irritation. Recurrent blackheads may fit comedonal acne, while painful deep lesions deserve a clinician’s view of acne severity.

Wash gently, avoid scrubs and keep hands away from active spots. Choose non-comedogenic skin and hair products, and remove makeup before sleep. A clinician or pharmacist can help select a topical retinoid for blocked pores; use it exactly as directed and discuss pregnancy or pregnancy planning before starting acne medicines. Do not try to drain a cyst at home. Professional extraction may help selected blackheads, while deep or persistent acne may need medical treatment.

Arrange a dermatology assessment for painful deep lumps, repeated breakouts, spreading redness, drainage, or scarring and dark marks that are increasing. Seek prompt care if swelling is rapidly worsening, the area is hot and very painful, or you feel unwell. Bring a list of products and medicines so the clinician can distinguish acne from another follicle condition.

Could these lesions be comedonal acne, inflammatory acne or cysts? Which treatment is suitable for my skin and any pregnancy plans? How should I prevent picking and manage marks?