Pertussis symptoms: what to look for

Early pertussis can resemble an ordinary cold, with sneezing, throat irritation, tiredness and little or no fever. The cough may then become forceful, occur in clusters and make it hard to breathe in between coughs. Some people vomit after a fit or hear a whoop; others, particularly babies, may have pauses in breathing rather than a loud cough. Symptoms overlap with other infections, so a symptom list cannot confirm the diagnosis. The combination of progression, exposure and examination gives a clinician more useful information.

Arrange medical advice if a cough is becoming repetitive, causes vomiting, or follows known contact with pertussis. Note when the cough began, whether fits disturb sleep, and any breathing or feeding changes. Rest, take fluids in small amounts, avoid smoke, and cover coughs. Keep away from babies and other vulnerable people until you receive guidance. Ask about antibiotic treatment and whether close contacts need preventive advice.

Call emergency services for severe breathing trouble, blue or grey lips, collapse, confusion or repeated breathing pauses. Babies need urgent assessment for poor feeding, unusual drowsiness, colour change or pauses, even when a whoop is absent. Seek prompt review if coughing fits prevent drinking, cause repeated vomiting or are rapidly worsening.

Ask whether the symptom pattern needs testing, what treatment is appropriate at this stage, how to reduce household spread, and whether immunisation is up to date.