Persistent mastitis: what to know

Mastitis is inflammation of breast tissue. It may occur during breastfeeding when milk is not draining comfortably, but inflammation can also have other causes. Ongoing tenderness, warmth, swelling, or a firm area can mean the original problem needs a different plan, or that a collection of infected fluid has formed. Breast pain can have several explanations, so a persistent lump or skin change should be examined rather than attributed to mastitis indefinitely.

Continue breastfeeding or expressing only as comfortable and avoid forceful massage or excessive pumping, which may worsen swelling. Rest, drink to thirst, use a cool pack for comfort, and take medicine only as directed by a clinician or pharmacist. A lactation consultation can help review latch, positioning, and feeding patterns. If antibiotics were prescribed, take them exactly as directed and report lack of improvement.

Seek urgent medical care for a rapidly enlarging red or swollen area, severe pain, high fever, chills, feeling faint, confusion, or pus from the nipple. Arrange prompt review for a lump that remains after inflammation settles, skin dimpling, nipple inversion that is new, or symptoms that keep returning.

Ask whether you need an examination, imaging, or a change in treatment; how to protect milk supply while recovering; and what improvement should look like. Mention pregnancy status, breastfeeding pattern, allergies, and any previous episodes.