Periductal mastitis causes: what should you know?

The ducts behind the nipple can become narrowed or blocked. Secretions then collect, and inflammation may spread into nearby breast tissue. Bacteria can enter through irritated or cracked nipple skin, but breastfeeding is not required for periductal mastitis to occur. Smoking is associated with recurrent duct inflammation because it can affect tissue repair and duct health.

Symptoms may include pain behind the nipple, redness, swelling, a firm area, nipple discharge, or an abscess. Breast pain is a symptom that can have several causes, so its presence does not identify the cause by itself.

Arrange an examination if pain, redness, swelling, or discharge persists. Keep the nipple area clean and avoid squeezing the nipple or repeatedly pressing the affected area. A clinician may assess for infection, blockage, or an abscess and decide whether imaging, antibiotics, drainage, or another approach is appropriate.

If you are breastfeeding and feeding is painful, a lactation consultation can check latch and milk removal while you receive medical assessment. Continuing or pausing feeds depends on your symptoms, treatment, and clinician’s advice.

Seek prompt care for fever, rapidly spreading redness, worsening swelling, pus-like discharge, or feeling unwell. Urgent assessment is needed for severe pain, faintness, or a rapidly enlarging tender lump. Any persistent nipple discharge, skin change, or lump should be reviewed even if pain improves.

Ask whether the findings suggest duct inflammation, infection, or an abscess; whether imaging is needed; how to care for the nipple; and what may reduce recurrence. If breastfeeding, ask how to maintain comfortable milk removal.