Totally blocked nose: what to know

A cold can temporarily swell the nasal lining and increase mucus. Allergic rhinitis or house dust mite allergy can cause congestion, sneezing and itching. Sinusitis may add facial pressure, reduced smell and thick discharge; chronic sinusitis lasts longer and may keep symptoms recurring. A blocked nose can also reflect enlarged tissues or another local problem. Obstructive sleep apnoea is different: it involves narrowing of the upper airway during sleep and may be associated with snoring or breathing pauses. A totally blocked feeling does not identify one diagnosis.

Drink fluids, rest and use saline spray or irrigation to loosen mucus. If you rinse, use sterile or appropriately prepared water and clean the device. Reduce exposure to smoke, dust and known allergens. A pharmacist can explain whether allergy medication is suitable. Decongestant sprays may cause rebound congestion if used too long, so follow the label. Do not insert objects into the nose. Arrange review if blockage is one-sided, keeps returning, affects sleep or does not improve as expected.

Seek urgent help for severe difficulty breathing, swelling around the eye, vision changes, a severe headache, confusion or a serious injury to the nose. Contact a clinician promptly if fever and facial pain are worsening, discharge is foul-smelling or blockage persists. Children who are struggling to breathe or cannot drink need prompt assessment.

Could this be allergy, a cold or sinusitis? Is one side more affected, and does that change the assessment? Which spray or medicine is safe for me? How long should I wait before review?