Human bite and rabies: what to do after possible exposure

Rabies is a viral infection that can affect the nervous system. Assessment depends on where the bite happened, whether skin was broken, contact with saliva, the biting person's symptoms and exposure history, and whether the person can be safely observed or tested. A human bite by itself does not establish rabies. Because early symptoms may be nonspecific and later disease is extremely serious, do not wait for symptoms before seeking advice when exposure is possible. The clinician will also assess ordinary wound infection and tetanus needs.

Wash the wound immediately and thoroughly with soap and running water, then cover it with a clean dressing. Avoid sealing a deep wound yourself. Contact an urgent medical service and describe the time, location and circumstances of the bite, the person's condition, and any available information about travel or animal exposure. Do not delay while trying to decide whether the bite looks serious. If recommended, Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis may include wound care, vaccination and other treatment based on the exposure assessment.

Seek urgent care immediately after a bite that may involve rabies, particularly if the person's health or exposure history is unknown, saliva contacted broken skin or mucous membranes, or the bite occurred in a region where rabies occurs. Go to emergency care for heavy bleeding, facial or neck injury, trouble breathing, confusion or collapse. Fever, spreading redness, swelling or pus also needs prompt review for a wound infection.

Ask whether the exposure meets criteria for post-exposure treatment, which doses or follow-up are needed, what wound signs to watch for, and whether your previous Rabies Vaccination changes the plan.