How does a mammogram work?

You stand in front of the mammography system while a technologist positions one breast at a time on the imaging surface. A clear plate briefly compresses the breast so the tissue is spread out and stays still. The system takes images from different views, and the technologist checks that the images are suitable before you leave.

Digital mammography stores the images electronically. Three-dimensional methods, including breast tomosynthesis, create multiple thin views that can help the radiologist assess overlapping tissue. A mammogram can show changes such as masses, distortions, or tiny calcium deposits, but an unusual image does not by itself establish a diagnosis.

Do not use deodorant, talcum powder, or creams on the breasts or underarms on the day unless the imaging centre tells you otherwise, because some products can appear on images. Wear a two-piece outfit so the upper body is easy to change. Tell the technologist about breast implants, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or a new breast symptom.

If the images need clarification, the next step may be another mammogram view, breast ultrasound, or breast MRI. Bring earlier images when requested so the radiologist can compare changes over time.

A mammogram is an imaging appointment, not treatment for a breast problem. Contact a clinician promptly for a new lump, nipple discharge that is bloody, a nipple turning inward, skin dimpling, or a persistent change in breast shape, even if a recent image was reassuring. After imaging, seek help for severe pain, marked swelling, or a skin reaction that does not settle.

Ask which mammography method is planned, when and how the report will be shared, whether comparison images are available, and what test would clarify an area that is difficult to interpret.