How does breast reconstruction work?

Implant reconstruction uses a breast implant, sometimes after a temporary tissue expander gradually creates space beneath the chest tissues. Flap reconstruction uses tissue moved from another part of the body, such as the abdomen or back. Some people choose no reconstruction or an external prosthesis. The result can change with healing, weight, ageing and later cancer treatment.

Immediate reconstruction begins during mastectomy. Delayed reconstruction takes place after healing or after treatments such as radiotherapy. The suitable option depends on anatomy, treatment timing, medical history and your goals.

A breast and reconstructive surgeon reviews the mastectomy plan, skin and nipple options, scars, symmetry and possible staged procedures. Bring your treatment schedule and tell the team about smoking, medicines and previous operations. Recovery includes wound care, movement guidance and follow-up; ask how radiotherapy could affect timing or the choice of technique.

Contact the surgical team promptly for increasing redness, warmth, swelling, drainage, wound separation, fever or pain that is worsening rather than settling. Sudden breathlessness, chest pain or severe weakness needs urgent medical attention. These symptoms can have several causes and should be assessed directly.

Ask which timing and technique suit your cancer treatment, where scars will be placed, how many stages may be needed, what sensation and symmetry to expect, and which changes should trigger a call after discharge.